Matter Waves

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Discussion

De Broglie

Davisson-Germer experiment.

A person entering a room with more than one entrance will always enter through one of them, not all of them at the same time. An electron, on the other hand, can and does enter enter a room through all doors simultaneously.

Electron Microscope

• Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM): Produces a shadowgraph like an x-ray. The first electron microscope was built in 1931 by Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll at the Berlin Technische Hochschule.
  • Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM)
• Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM): Basically a scanner that reads secondary emitted electrons instead of reflected light. Produces images with great depth of field and a hyper-realistic three dimensional appearance. 1942

Related inventions

• Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM): Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer; IBM Zurich Research Laboratory; 1981
• Atomic Force Microscope (AFM): Gerd Binnig, Christoph Gerber, and Calvin Quate; IBM Zurich Research Laboratory; mid-1980s

Kapitza-Dirac Effect: diffraction of a particle beam by a standing wave of light. Proposed in 1933. Observed by Herman Batelaan at the University of Nebraska in 2001.

Summary

• bullet

Problems

practice

1. Write something.
   • Answer it.
2. Write something.
   • Answer it.
3. Write something.
   • Answer it.
4. Write something completely different.
   • Answer it.

numerical

1. problems

Resources

• general
  • New Scientist's guide to the Quantum World
  • Modern Physics, Michael Fowler, University of Virginia
  • Visual Quantum Mechanics, Kansas State University
  • Physics 2000, University of Colorado
  • The Mechanical Universe and Beyond (video on demand, login required)
    • Particles and Waves, Evidence that light can sometimes act like a particle leads to quantum mechanics, the new physics.
• de broglie
  • Nobel Prize in Physics 1929, Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie, Nobel Foundation
  • Waves and Quanta. Louis de Broglie, Nature. Vol. 112 (1923): 540.
• davisson-germer
  • Diffraction of Electrons by a Crystal of Nickel. C. Davisson & L. H. Germer. Physical Review. Vol. 30, No. 6 (December 1927): 705-740.
  • Scattering of Electrons by a Single Crystal of Nickel. Davisson and Germer. Nature. Vol. 119 (1927): 558-560.
  • Reflection of Electrons by a Crystal of Nickel. C. J. Davisson & L. H. Germer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 14, No. 4 (15 April 1928): 317-322.
  • Reflection and Refraction of Electrons by a Crystal of Nickel. C. J. Davisson & L. H. Germer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 14, No. 8 (15 August 1928): 619-627.
  • A Test for Polarization of Electron Waves by Reflection. C. J. Davisson & L. H. Germer. Physical Review. Vol. 33, No. 5 (May 1929): 760-772.
  • Electron Lenses. C. J. Davisson & C. J. Calbick. Physical Review. Vol. 42, No. 4 (November 1932): 580.
• duality
  • The Dual Nature of Light as Reflected in the Nobel Archive, Gösta Ekspong, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
  • Wave Particle Duality, Queen Mary University of London
• miscellaneous
  • Herman Batelaan, University of Nebraska (Kapitza-Dirac Effect)
  • Physicists Play the Nanopipe, Nature Science Update, 9 August 2001
  • Two-dimensional imaging of electronic wavefunctions in carbon nanotubes, LeMay, et al. Nature 412, 617-620 (2001).

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