practice

1. Penetrating energetic particles leave a trail of ions in their wake -- typically water molecules that have been split into H⁺ - OH⁻ pairs. This process requires about 32.5 eV (verify) of energy, which means that about 30,000 ion pairs are formed when a typical 1 MeV beta particle is absorbed.
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conceptual

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numerical

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algebraic

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calculus

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statistical

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investigative

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worksheets

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