Density of Water

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Bibliographic Entry	Result (w/surrounding text)	Standardized Result
McGuire, Thomas. Earth Science: The Physical Setting. New York, AMSCO, 1998: 123.	[see image 1 below]	1 g/cm³
Cohen, Paul. Geffer, Saul. Chemistry A Contemporary Approach. New York. AMSCO, 1994: 18.	[see image 2 below]	1 g/cm³
Dorn, Henry. Chemistry: The Study of Matter: Fourth Edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall 1987: 72.	[see image 3 below]	1 g/cm³
Density of Water, Simetric. October 9, 2004.	[see table and graph 5 below]	1 g/cm³

Water is a very common substance here on Earth. Almost 75% of the Earth's surface is covered with water and almost every living thing on Earth is made up of 90% water. Water can change into three phases of matter. Water is most common in it's liquid state when it is kept a normal pressure and between 0 degree Celsius and 100 degree Celsius. Water turns to ice as it's solid state from 0 degrees Celsius and below. Water turns into steam from 100 degrees and above.

Density is defined as mass per unit of volume. The commonly used formula to determine the density of an object is ρ = m/V, ρ (rho) represents density, m represents mass, and V represents volume. The units used to indicate density are [kg/m³] or more commonly used [g/cm³]. The conversion between the two is 1000 kg/m³ to 1 g/cm³.

Water never has an absolute density because its density varies with temperature. Water has its maximum density of 1g/cm³ at 4 degrees Celsius. When the temperature changes from either greater or less than 4 degrees, the density will become less then 1 g/cm³. Water has the maximum density of 1 g/cm³ only when it is pure water. Other factors affect water's density such as whether it is tap or fresh water or salt water. These variations of water changes its density because what's in the water has its own density.

Table 4
Temp (°C)	Density (g/cm³)
30	0.9957
20	0.9982
10	0.9997
4	1.0000
0	0.9998
−10	0.9982
−20	0.9935
−30	0.9839

Table 5
Temp ( °C)	Density pure water (g/cm³)	Density pure water (kg/m³)	Density tap water (g/cm³)	Density pure water lb/cu.ft	Specific Gravity 4 °C reference	Specific Gravity 60 °F reference
0 (solid)	0.9150	915.0	-	-	0.915	-
0 (liquid)	0.9999	999.9	0.99987	62.42	0.999	1.002
4	1.0000	1000	0.99999	62.42	1.000	1.001
20	0.9982	998.2	0.99823	62.28	0.998	0.999
40	0.9922	992.2	0.99225	61.92	0.992	0.993
60	0.9832	983.2	0.98389	61.39	0.983	0.985
80	0.9718	971.8	0.97487	60.65	0.972	0.973
100 (gas)	0.0006	see steam tables...			-	-

Graph 5

Allen Ma -- 2007