The Physics
Factbook
An encyclopedia of scientific essays

Author Index

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2009

Amos Baptiste Acceleration of an elevator, cable
Monica Buklan Length of a fishing rod
Silu Chen Length of a baseball bat
Wilson Chen Length of a lacrosse stick
Jennifer Chung Mass of a cannonball
Tajalla Dar Diameter of a basketball
Taisia Dubinina Diameter of a football (soccer ball)
Marwa Elfar Diameter of a bowling ball
Ricky He Diameter of a baseball
Stephanie Heyligar Area of a ping pong table
Amy Huang Area of a tennis court
Roman Klichinsky Depth of the deepest dive without breathing apparatus
Xuewen Liang Area of a baseball field
Alicia McGeachy Weight of an apple
Tonie McKenzie Power of a searchlight
Shirley Mei Force on a microelectromechanical system (MEMS)
Lina Nguyen Price of platinum
Celeste Qian Speed of the fastest dog
Ilya Reznikov Price of a high school education
Benny Wong Energy in a barrel of petroleum
Vickie Wu Energy consumption of a human
Cherry Xu Dielectric strength of polyethylene
Jeffrey Yep Number of comets
Larry Yundelson Number of cockroaches
Jian Xun Zheng Number of books published

2008

Evan Borochina Temperature at which beer is brewed
Kahei Chan Height of an adult human
Jessica Demetrios Distance of the longest driven golf ball
Carl Desir Angular speed of a truck engine
Chelsea Edobor Period of rotation of the sun
Ketsia Erra Volume of earth's oceans
Mathieu Eugene Worth of the average person in the US
Daniel Framer Acceleration of a car
Ada Lau Price of kerosene
Margarita Lungin Resistivity of silver
Andrew Morel Price of plutonium
Aleksandr Rozovskiy Length of a football field (American)
Alexander Scelso Density of gold
Yvonne Skowron Number of deaths in New York City
Elina Slobod Acceleration of a medical centrifuge
Islam Soliman Pressure in a pressure cooker
Shirly Tam Mass of US marijuana production
Sydney Warshaw Index of refraction of glass, flint
Jeffrey Wong Dielectric strength of fused quartz
Edna Wu Number of deaths in the US
Vernon Wu Volume of earth's annual precipitation
Mona Zawam Focal length of a magnifying glass
Mei Xue Zhu Temperature of steam in an espresso machine

2007

Anam Ahmed Acceleration of a dragster
Imran Akhtar Salary of a football player (soccer), Compression strength of bone and brick: Sin City
Marcelo Bernal Mass of US beef consumption
Simas Ceckauskas Height of an adult human
Gary Chang Index of refraction of ruby and sapphire
Jeanne Chau Index of refraction of cubic zirconia, Speed of a minibike: Jackass Number Two
Simon Chen Angular speed of a hard disk drive, Coefficient of friction for skin: The Incredible Hulk
Nadya Dillon Price of liquid helium
Karen Fan Price of liquid nitrogen, Force of a superhero: Superman Returns
Olubunmi Fashusi Temperature at which chicken is cooked, Speed of a retired basketball player
Jannatul Ferdaus Temperature at which lamb is cooked
Karen Freire Temperature at which pork is cooked
Dmitriy Gekhman Density of steam, Speed of a Screaming Slingshot Monkey
Artem Gindin Density of petroleum, Acceleration due to gravity: Super Mario Brothers
Anthony Ho Temperature of a TIG welder, Coefficient of friction for skin: The Incredible Hulk
Karmen Ho Density of osmium, Speed of a minibike: Jackass Number Two
Carol Hsin Period of a pulsar
Arif Hussain Salary of an engineer, Speed of a car: Road Trip
Evan Kaplan Speed of a falling raindrop, Do seat belts save lives?
Stephanie Kim Length of a human intestine, Size of a shoe: More body proportions
Dana Klavansky Resistivity of carbon, amorphous
Eugene Kolomiyets Worth of the wealthiest person in the US
Harvey Kwan Resistivity of nichrome
Lorant Lee Number of web pages, Speed of a minibike: Jackass Number Two
Adam Lefky Number of televisions in the US, Acceleration due to gravity: Super Mario Brothers
Lily Li Temperature of the ocean, Size of a shoe: More body proportions
Zhao Liang Number of crimes in New York City, Force of a windmill slam dunk: Dominique Wilkins
Mimi Lim Time spent sleeping
Janan Liu Speed of a spear: Troy
David Louisia Number of planets
Jason Lu Number of asteroids, Coefficient of friction for skin: The Incredible Hulk
Allen Ma Density of water, Compression strength of bone and brick: Sin City
Brian Marino Pressure in a car tire, Speed of a football player: Madden NFL 2006
Raj Mathew Resistance of a resistor: Blame the students or blame the resistors?
Dasha Mulyakhova Dielectric strength of waxed paper, Speed of a subway: Batman Begins
Tatyana Nektalova Power of a microwave oven, Pressure in the human circulatory system: Is gender a factor?
Oluwemimo Oladapo Salary of a basketball player, Force of a windmill slam dunk: Vince Carter
Eugene Olfir Volume of world beer consumption
Anna Ostrovskaya Speed of the fastest pitched baseball
Anurag Panda Energy density of carbohydrates, Blame the students or blame the resistors?
Vashti Prasad Dielectric strength of paper, Size of a shoe: More body proportions
Connie Qiu Coefficients of friction for human joints
Tabraiz Rasul Coefficients of friction for snow, Speed of superhero: Smallville
Gennadiy Rozentsvayg Number of transistors on an integrated circuit, Speed of a subway: Batman Begins
Vladimir Shumovych Depth of the deepest dive with breathing apparatus
Stephen Singh Speed of a spear: Troy
Svetlana Sutskaya Diameter of an igloo
Melissa Tam Distance of the longest putted golf ball
Tamara Tamazashvili Number of televisions in the US
Daniel Touger Power of a quasar, Speed of a cliff diver: Huge Cliff Jump
May Wan Voltage of a nickel cadmium battery, Size of a shoe: More body proportions
Shemika White Pressure to rupture an eardrum, Speed of a retired basketball player
William Wong Pressure to rupture an eardrum, Speed of superhero: Smallville
Angie Yuan Thickness of Arctic ice
Susan Zhao Wavelength of maximum human visual sensitivity
Andrew Zheng Temperature of a sauna, Speed of a spear: Troy
Suzanna Zhou Pressure in a tractor tire, Resistance of a resistor: Blame the students or blame the resistors?
Students of Physics C Magnetic field of a soft iron magnet (10 Diagrams! 10!!)

2006

Ebru Bek Power of a cell phone transmitter
Jamin Bennett Salary of a physicist, Coefficients of restitution
Gina Castellano Speed of falling Saruman: Lord of the Rings, Volume of Seattle's annual precipitation
Chris Cha Salary of a football player (American), Speed of a human running: Is footwear a factor?
Andrew Chan How long do the subway doors stay open?
Lun Chen Energy in a ton of coal, Speed of a human running: Is footwear a factor?
Davis Chen Speed of a dragster or funny car, Speed of a human running: Is footwear a factor?
Jenna Conversano Speed of falling Saruman: Lord of the Rings, Mass of US beef production
Shu Mei Deng Speed of the fastest badminton shuttlecock, Fingertip reaction time
Bishoy Emmanuel Speed of a golf ball, Speed of a car: Honda Civic Si commercial
Laura Falci Mass of US breakfast cereal consumption
Nervana Gaballa Speed of a river
Stephanie Gambino Center of mass of a human, Mass of a human heart
Dmitriy Gekhman Mass of a human head
Marina Grinstvayg Resistivity of mercury
Kiesha Harding Duration of the longest space flight
Eunice Huang Speed of a rogue bludger: Harry Potter, Resistivity of aluminum oxide
Arif Hussain Temperature of an arc furnace
Sahrish Javed Fingertip reaction time, Number of deaths in the US
Stacey Johnson Size of a human: Body proportions, Number of people in a family
Matthew Kent Length of high voltage power transmission lines
James Kim More acceleration perturbations of daily living, Height of a domed stadium
Lorant Lee Temperature at which fish is cooked
Yuliana León Number of obese people in the US
Jennifer Leong Speed and mass of a dodge ball, Number of colors distinguishable by the human eye
Helen Li Depth of the ocean
Ting Ting Luo Speed of a rogue bludger: Harry Potter, Index of refraction of vegetable oil
Allen Ma Depth of the Grand Canyon
Terry Mathew Electric current through the atmosphere
Lev Mazniker Frequency of a cat's purr
Kristine McPherson Mass of the universe, Size of a human: Body proportions
Ruwan Meepagala Coefficients of restitution
Matthew Michaels Coefficients of friction for concrete, Power of the mutant Storm: X-Men
Michael Mirochnik Center of mass of a human, Density of uranium
Maté Nagy More acceleration perturbations of daily living, Income of the average person on earth
Tatyana Nektalova Energy density of diesel fuel
Melanie Ng Pressure on the surface of Titan
Scott Schechter Center of mass of a human, Price of gasoline
Yulian Shtern Energy in a ton of coal
Michelle Sze Price of natural gas
Collin Tam Speed of a rogue bludger: Harry Potter, Price of electric energy
Sze Yin Tam Energy of a truck battery, Speed of a human running: Is footwear a factor?
Julie Tan Price of copper, Fingertip reaction time
Sam Tetruashvili How long do the subway doors stay open? Resistivity of water
Daniel Touger Mass of all the people on earth
Umran Ugur Resistivity of steel
Natalie Weng Fingertip reaction time
Saintedym Wills Acceleration of a roller coaster
Miao Ling Wu Salary of a professor
Erica Yauri Salary of a teacher

2005

Randy Abbas Density of the solar wind
Genna Ableman Coefficient of friction of skin, Speed of a car: The Run, Angular speed of a floppy disk, The Kelvin water-drop electrostatic generator
Rory Abrams Time spent at work
Virginia Allard Density of soap
Monique Anthony Coefficient of friction of paper, Speed of a car: Bad Boys II, Altitude of human survivability, maximum (vertical limit), Index of refraction of various household liquids
Kristina Arthurs Coefficient of friction of paper, Speed of a car: Bad Boys II, Altitude of the lowest parachute jump, Index of refraction of various household liquids
Maya Barsky Index of refraction of air
Africa Belgrave Coefficient of friction of skin, Speed of a car: C'était un Rendezvous, Index of refraction of various household liquids
Jamin Bennett Index of refraction of diamond
Manuel Caban Coefficient of friction of glass, Speed of a motorcycle: Loading a Bike, The (dysfunctional) crystal radio
Michael Calamera Coefficient of friction of rubber, Speed of a car: The French Connection, Depth of the deepest dive with breathing apparatus, The two-way telegraph
Gina Castellano Voltage of electroshock therapy
Justin Che Index of refraction of glass, crown
Nadia Christopher Coefficient of friction of paper, Speed of a car: Bad Boys II, Index of refraction of various household liquids
Agatha Cwalina Number of frequencies distinguishable by the human ear
Whitney Daniel Coefficient of friction of glass, Speed of a car: Bad Boys II, Index of refraction of various household liquids
Hamida Daud Volume of earth's lakes
Shirley Deng Index of refraction of glycerol
Laura DePalma Volume of New York City's annual precipitation
Emre Erdal Index of refraction of Lucite
Willie Feng Coefficient of friction of granite, Speed of a baseball: Bird Baseball, The (dysfunctional) crystal radio
Gil Fishman Index of refraction of quartz
Yuen H. Fong Number of nuclear weapons capable nations
Michelle Fung Coefficient of friction of granite, Speed of a car: The Run, Energy density of hydrogen, Acceleration perturbations of daily living
Alina Genis Index of refraction of sodium chloride (table salt)
Caroline Georges Price of coal
Natalie Gertsik Price of ethanol (grain alcohol)
Jeff Gilbert Volume of a swimming pool
ZoéAnn Gilroy Volume of vodka consumption
Alexander Gizersky Price of steel
Matthew Grabczynski Coefficient of friction of granite, Speed of a snowmobile: Snow Jump, The (dysfunctional) crystal radio
Alexis Grisales Coefficient of friction of glass, Speed of a cliff diver: Iraqi Olympic Diving, The (dysfunctional) crystal radio
Erik Hageman Coefficient of friction of rubber, Speed of a car: The French Connection, The two-way telegraph
Florence Hang Pressure on earth, highest
Amy Ho Index of refraction of water
Jenny Hua Coefficient of friction of aluminum, Speed of a car: The Run, Energy desnity of methanol, Acceleration perturbations of daily living
Munif Hussain Index of refraction of ice
Mayya Kats Speed needed to escape the earth (escape velocity)
Jerard Kneifati‑Hayek Coefficient of friction of rubber, Speed of a car: The French Connection, Mass of US marijuana consumption, The two-way telegraph
Eugene Kondratov Price of gold
Alicia Kosiba Speed of a falling hailstone
Diana Kuruvilla Coefficient of friction of wood, Speed of a car: Blues Brothers, Voltage of electroshock therapy, Acceleration of an elevator, hydraulic
Michelle Lee Number of billionaires
Harvey Lei Coefficient of friction of skin, Speed of a car: The Run, Curie temperature of iron, The Kelvin water-drop electrostatic generator
Jennifer Leong Number of people living in poverty
Gary Louie Coefficient of friction of wood, Speed of a car: Blues Brothers, Acceleration perturbations of daily living
Stephanie Ma Coefficient of friction of aluminum, Speed of a car: C'était un Rendezvous, Curie temperature of nickel, Acceleration perturbations of daily living
Natalia Maldonado Speed of video tape
Geeta Malieckal Coefficient of friction of rubber, Speed of a car: The French Connection, Cost of living in New York City, Index of refraction of various household liquids
Brittany Mejia Coefficient of friction of granite, Speed of a car: C'était un Rendezvous, The Kelvin water-drop electrostatic generator
Michael Mirochnik Speed of a stock car
Tricia Mui Number of deaths in New York City
Maya Nathan Temperature of a home oven
Kenny Ngo Pressure in an espresso machine
Daniel Nopachinda Salary of a biologist
George Payyapilli Pressure used to manufacture puffed cereal
Victoria Pisarevskaya Salary of a chemist
Victoria Poon Pressure in a fire extinguisher
Bridget Ritter Coefficient of friction of skin, Speed of a car: C'était un Rendezvous, Index of refraction of various household liquids
Michael Robbins Coefficient of friction of steel, Tension in Spider-Man's webs, Speed of a baseball, MetroCard
David Rozenberg Coefficient of friction of steel, Tension in Spider-Man's webs, The Kelvin water-drop electrostatic generator
Vita Rymaruk Salary of a geologist
Daniel Saronson Coefficient of friction of steel, Tension in Spider-Man's webs, MetroCard
Yasmin Sinclair Curie temperature of cobalt
Dorothy Soo Coefficient of friction of wood, Speed of a car: Blues Brothers, Voltage of a mercury light, Acceleration of an elevator, hydraulic
Olga Strachna Coefficient of friction of wood, Speed of a car: Blues Brothers, Price of petroleum, Acceleration of an elevator, hydraulic
Gafei Szeto Coefficient of friction of steel, Tension in Spider-Man's webs, MetroCard
Sahar Takkouche Power of a fighter plane
Collin Tam Diameter of the moon's orbit
Leo Tam Coefficient of friction of aluminum, Speed of a car: Le Mans, Speed needed to escape the earth (escape velocity), The two-way telegraph
Julie Tan Curie temperature of nickel
Eileen Tang Ignition temperature of diesel fuel
Judy Tang Temperature on earth
Yat Man Tsui Power of car headlights
Larisa Tuchinshaya Duration of the shortest laser pulse
Louis William Tullo Temperature of a Japanese bath (お風呂)
Himtang Wong Temperature of a sauna
Kevin Yam Salary of a hockey player
Karen Yee Temperature at which tea is brewed, 茶酿造的温度
Orin Zahra Temperature at which beer is brewed
Daria Zainoullina Power of a lighthouse
Jennifer Zhong Temperature of a home oven

2004

Genna Ableman Coefficients of friction for ice
Anee Asma Salary of a meteorologist
Marina Avetisyan Power of a streetlight
Jenelle Baptiste Resistivity of gold
Cherisse Barnes Diameter of the earth's orbit
George Bauer Resistivity of silver
Africa Belgrave Resistivity of carbon, graphite
Vadim Blikshteyn Number of artificial satellites
Michael Calamera Altitude of a spy plane
Vanessa Chambers Number of births on earth
Amy Chan Diameter of the sun
Samantha Charles Frequency of brain waves
Eric Chen Mass of the World Trade Center
Eunice Chen Coefficients of friction for steel
Nina Chen Coefficients of friction for graphite
Cui Miu Chin Depth of the deepest point in the ocean
Rizwan Choudhary Frequency range of human hearing
Crystal Cuevas Distance of the longest driven golf ball
Steven Drake Mass of a human liver
Max Eisenstat Depth of Valles Marineris
Elizabeth Eng Tension of power transmission (high tension) lines
Diane Ennefils Number of personal computers in the US
Meaghan Fondiller Power of a toaster
Heather Friedberg Frequency of cosmic microwave background
Sarah Fromentin Resistivity of carbon, diamond
Hanan Gimelfarb Distance of the longest driven golf ball
Mariya Golub Power consumption of China
Jane Golubovskaya Resistivity of glass
Chivonne Henriques Number of births in New York City
Gina John Temperature at which beer is fermented
Stacey Johnson Temperature of steam in an espresso machine
Jerard Kneifati‑Hayek Altitude of the highest parachute jump
Stanley Ko Resistivity of germanium
Alexandra Kravtsova Altitude of a geosynchronous/geostationary satellite
Andrew Lee Curie temperature of gadolinium
Harvey Lei Melting point of cocoa butter
Wai Wing Leung Things that weigh a newton
Emily Louick Diameter of the sun
Steven Mai Diameter of the solar system
Geeta Malieckal Speed of the fastest dog
Olga Margolina Distance of the longest batted baseball
Monica Martin Density of steel
Chan Maung Frequency used in ultrasonic cleaning
Ruwan Meepagala Density of gold
Hayley Miskiewicz Density of plutonium
Robert Napolitano Speed of a formula one car
Anna Ng Electric current through a microwave oven
Felix Orer Things that weigh a newton
Chiemezie Osu Electric current through a home
Roman Osatinski Speed of the solar wind
Oluwole Owuseni Mass of a billiard ball
Ilya Parizh Volume of water in New York City reservoirs
Mary Pennisi Mass of a human liver
Val Polyakov Resistivity of aluminum
Yuriy Rafailov Acceleration that would kill a human
Kerry Mae Remulla Resistivity of carbon, diamond
Bridget Ritter Resistivity of copper
Michael Robbins Acceleration due to gravity on the moon
Erica Rosenthal Distance of the longest batted baseball
JahShiRah Rossi Acceleration due to gravity on Mars
Jonathan Ruditser Resistivity of iron
Joseph Sabatelle Price of water
Jennifer Schanke Resistivity of quartz
Michael Shmukler Density of blood
Deanna Stewart Resistivity of tungsten
Shaye Storm Density of glass
Gafei Szeto Density of gold
Karen Sutherland Density of steel
Olivia Tai Density of platinum
Leo Tam Price of diamond
Garvin Tam Coefficients of friction for teflon
Abigail Tang Price of silver
Lindsey Tannenbaum Electric current through a microwave oven
Billy Wan Energy density of methane
Nicole Weathers Energy density of butane
Chrisana White Price of a college education
Luke Workoff Electric current of a stun gun
Marie Yacoub Electric current used in electroshock therapy
Tiffany Yam Salary of a doctor
Jessica Yan Energy density of natural gas
Philip Yeung Voltage of a neon light
Ping Zhang Energy density of fats

2003

Farrah Abuzahria Length of a football field (Canadian)
Perkha Ahmed Height of the Great Pyramid
Michael Avigliano Height of a pop fly
Bronislava Banar Height of a newborn baby
Ross Bernstein Volume of water consumed by the US
Gabriela Bis Speed of an artillery shell
Marina Bolotovsky Diameter of a speck of dust
Krystal Brewington Depth of the deepest dive in a bathyscaphe
Adam Cassino Depth of the deepest drilling
Yefim Cavalier Depth of the deepest mine
Valerie Chang Altitude of the highest unmanned balloon flight
Daniel Cheng Altitude of a commercial jet airplane
Jessica Cheung Melting point of butter
Allison Chin Altitude of the lowest point on Mars
Shani Christopher Ignition temperature of gasoline
Lewis Chung Ignition temperature of paper
Tim Condon Frequency range of dog hearing
Christoper D'Ambrose Frequency range of human hearing
Danielle Daly Frequency of middle C
Elaine Devora Temperature of a halogen light bulb
Esther Dorzin Temperature of a MIG welder
David Dukhan Energy density of protein
Lillian Dvirts Temperature of a soldering iron
Sara Elzeftawy Temperature of a pizza oven
Julia Fisher Energy density of coal
Alan Furmanov Temperature of steam in a turbine
Roxanne Garcia Energy density of ethanol
Diana Gendler Temperature at which coffee is brewed
Tiffany Gillyard Temperature of the hottest laboratory experiment
Evelyn Gofman Energy density of aviation fuel
Arthur Golnik Energy density of gasoline
Sheena Grant Pressure at the deepest point in the Great Lakes
Jack Green Pressure under high heels
Winnie Huang Energy consumption of Africa
Peter Hui Pressure in a champagne bottle
Alexandra Kanonik Pressure in a truck tire
Shara Khan Pressure in a bicycle tire
Karry Lai Voltage of a fluorescent tube
Victor Lee Electric field near a cellular telephone
Jola Lewinski Electric current through a TIG welder
Poki Li Electric current through a MIG welder
Boi Lu Power consumption of a home
Amy Ly Power of a laser pointer
Zhanna Mikhaylova Power of a car stereo
Wei Mok Power of a human
Clerbie Montilus Angular speed of a DVD
Irada Muslumova Power of a human heart
Bianca Nicoletti Number of orchids
Felix Nisimov Number of species
Alison Ongvorapong Number of ants in the world
Mary Pennisi Number of crimes in the US
Lana Pustilnikova Angular speed of a training centrifuge
Kevin Roman Electric current through an air conditioner
Josh Schaikowitz Mass of US cocaine consumption
Alex Schlessingerman Mass of an adult
Rachel Scott‑Rosenbluth Mass of a human brain
Michael Shmukler Mass of a whale
Eugene Shnayder Mass of an elephant
Louis Siu Mass of a bacterium
Betty Tan Mass of a physics textbook
Marina Theodoris Mass of a grain of sand
Viet Tran Magnetic field near a cellular telephone
Michael Tse Acceleration of a bullet
Alona Vorobyov Thickness of a cell wall
Alicia White Range of a ballistic missile
Yuen Wong Range of a Scud missile
Jessica Worrell Range of a rifle bullet
Diana Yang Range of a shotgun pellet
Michelle Yee Acceleration that would deploy car airbags
Nikkie Zanevsky Acceleration in a training centrifuge
Jonathan Zelyakovsky Length of a football field (Canadian)

2002

Tahir Ahmed Wavelength of the sun's peak radiation output
Johnny Alicea Speed of light, Number of people in the US, Fractal dimension of broccoli
Domna Antoniadis Range of a handgun bullet
Jason Atkins Angular speed of the earth, Fractal dimension of the coast of Maine
Nickisha Berlus Range of an artillery shell
Samuel Bernard Diameter of the moon, Number of births in the US, Fractal dimension of bread
Carmen Bissessar Diameter of the known universe
Pavel Borodulin Wavelength range of visible light
Alyssa Brown Diameter of the moon
Zachary Campbell Mass of a bowling ball
Edwin Cartegena Density of sea water
Anthony Cheedie Temperature of an oxyacetylene torch
Shirley Cheung Range of a cruise missile
Ruby Choi Height of the tallest building
John Chu Temperature of a blast furnace
Saad Dar Mass of the moon
Samantha Dong Mass of the earth, Mass of a science review book, Fractal dimension of bread
Kathy Donina Density of bone
David Engel Mass of Jupiter, Fractal dimension of stock price changes
Max Golomshtok Fractal dimension of broccoli
Bogusia Grzywaiz Number of cellular phones in the US
Jonathan Hamill Voltage of a stun gun, Salary of a baseball player, Fractal dimension of the coast of Maine
Jennifer Hu Focal length of an astronomical telescope
Louise Huang Mass of a football (soccer ball)
Miriam Janove Focal length of a camera lens
Alicia Jones Density of milk
Joby Josekutty Speed of a commercial jet airplane, Fractal dimension of stock price changes
Adam Kapelner Energy consumption of the US, Fractal dimension of broccoli
Ramanjit Kaur Focal length of eyeglasses
Sabrina Khan Height of the tallest building, Fractal dimension of bread
Julia Khutoretskaya Focal length of a human eye
Felicia Lau Curie temperature of iron
Richard Lau Diameter of the moon, Fractal dimension of leaves
Edward LaValley Density of sea water, Fractal dimension of stock price changes
Christine Lee Mass of the earth
Lillian Lee Mass of Jupiter
Sai Lee Melting point of glass
Stacy Leong Period of the sun's orbit around the galaxy (cosmic year)
Eric Leung Energy density of propane
Jordan Levine Area of New York City, Mass of a dog, Fractal dimension of the coast of Maine
Patrick Li Time spent sleeping
Ada Li Mass of the moon
Anand Maharaj Melting point of glass, Fractal dimension of the coast of Maine
Jenny Mai Speed of the fastest jai alai ball
Biju Mathew Number of People in New York City
Jane Min Number of rats in New York City
Anicia Ndabahaliye Diameter of a human eye, Number of neurons in a human brain, Fractal dimension of bread
Michael Ng Highest critical temperature superconductor, Fractal dimension of leaves
Millicent Okereke Mass of a penny
Leah Oppenheim Mass of a newborn baby, Number of births in the US, Fractal dimension of the coast of Maine
David Parizh Speed of nerve impulses
Alex Roslyakov Energy in a ton of TNT
Jane Rubinshteyn Altitude of the highest toy balloon flight, Fractal dimension of stock price changes
Daniel Rudefer Volume of US whiskey consumption
Vitaliy Shchupak Number of crimes in New York State, Fractal dimension of broccoli
Tony Schneider Fractal dimension of the coast of Maine
Karol Shepelsky Energy density of petroleum
Stefan Singh Speed of the fastest train
Eugene Statnikov Speed of ocean currents
Matthew Stravitz Speed of light
Amanda Thomas Mass of a newborn baby
Jany Tran Energy in a cubic meter of natural gas
Raymond Tran Energy of a car battery
Lisa Tsang Length of a football field (soccer), Fractal dimension of leaves
Mary Vernov Volume of US rum consumption
Stan Vinokur Area of Brooklyn
Ricky Wells Frequency of bat sonar, Fractal dimension of leaves
Christina Wong Area of New York City
Amy Wu Separation between tracks on a DVD
Anna Yarusskaya Density of bone
Jennifer Yu Length of a football field (soccer pitch)
Mimi Zheng Pressure in outer space

2001

Emily Accamando Force of a golf club on a golf ball
Johnny Alicea Volume of world beer consumption
Meredith Barricella Acceleration of a car, Volume of bottled water consumption
Nida Bhatti Power of a train
Staverie Boundouris Power of a space shuttle
Lauren Calabrese Volume of human lungs
Nehemie Cange Temperature of the coldest laboratory experiment
Nicole Castellano Voltage of an electric fence
Alan Chan Volume of a human heart
Angela Chan Speed of the sun
Janet Chan Speed of the fastest experimental car
Jerry Chan Speed of the fastest motorcycle
Lisa Chan Electric field inside a typical US home
Daniel Chen Area of earth's land surface
Priscilla Chen Magnetic Field on Jupiter
Tina Cheung Speed of the fastest tennis ball*
Sharen Chin Speed of the fastest human, sledding
Aileen Chou Speed of the fastest human, cycling
Robert Cohen Speed of a rabbit or hare
William Cruz Electric current from a 1.5 volt battery
Erik V. Davis Speed of the fastest street legal car
Tiffany Eng Period of the human menstrual cycle
Marc Epstein Period of the moon's orbit
Asser Estriplet Temperature of the hottest star
Albert Eydelman Temperature on the surface of Mars
Carine Fang Temperature of a "white hot"object
Abanty Farzana Temperature of a healthy human (skin temperature)
Igor Fridman Surface area of human skin
Jared Goldberger Pressure on earth, lowest
Zlata Golubitskaya Pressure in a human eye
Jennifer Green Power consumption of the earth
Katy Ho Power consumption of the United States
Polly Ho Power consumption of New York State
Radmila Ilyayeva Power of a train
Jae‑hee Joh Power of a car
Barrymore Joseph Speed of a dolphin
Ka Fung Kan Power of an air conditioner
Sabrina Khan Voltage of an electron microscope
Alexandra Kougentakis Power of a home stereo
Samuel Lai Mass of a handball
Anansa Latiff Speed of a whale
Connie Lau Speed of the fastest human, walking
Thi Meagan Le Voltage of a car battery
Johnny Lee Voltage of a nickel cadmium battery
Alan Leung Voltage of a nickel metal hydride battery
Alice Li Voltage of an alkaline battery
Jacqueline Ling Power of a human brain
Johnny Ling Number of words in the English language
Jeannelle Louis Resolution of a spy satellite
Svetlana Lozover Magnetic field of the Milky Way
Ming Lui Magnetic field in a typical US home
Anand Maharaj Number of people
Etan Marciano Power of a 1.5 V battery
Kelly Maurelus Mass needed to create a star
Amanda Meyer Mass of the biosphere
Sambit Mishra Power of a refrigerator
Siddiqua Mohammed Speed of the fastest human, skating
Judy Moy Mass of a snowflake
Melissa Ng Power of a car battery
Danielle Nguyen Mass of US heroin consumption
Yana Nisanov Voltage of a nerve cell, Mass of US corn production
Khalida Nisimova Energy of a 1.5 V battery
Anny Peng Speed of a phonograph record
William Poon Mass of a softball
Syed Qadri Volume of earth's oceans
Rebecca Rudberg Magnetic field of the Milky Way
Christiaan Rule Volume of US soft drink consumption
Naomi Saint‑Jean Volume of bottled water consumption
Rachel Shapiro Wavelength of the longest electromagnetic waves
Daniel Shaw Volume of a human bladder
Viktoriya Shchupak Volume of a human brain
Vitaliy Shchupak Volume of a human heart
Juliya Sherlis Thickness of a piece of paper
Serafina Shishkova Number of transistors on an integrated circuit
Jennifer Shloming Thickness of a cell membrane
Keith Singh Number of beetles, Fractal dimension of the coast of Maine
Inna Sokolyanskaya Speed of a space shuttle, Separation between tracks on a CD
Kevin Sookdeo Altitude of the highest point on Mars
Pamela Spiegel Speed of sound through the earth
Marina Stasenko Number of cars
Nin Tam Length of a football field (American)
Sarah Tang Length of a bowling alley
Anna Taran Length of the human alimentary canal
Anne Marie Thomasino Length of a human intestine
Jennifer Tran Length of a human esophagus
Marina Tsukerman Height of the tallest mountain on Mars
Beata Unke Height of the tallest mountain on earth
Olga Vapnyar Height of the tallest tree
Igor Volynets Diameter of a raindrop
Alice Warren‑Gregory Distance between carbon atoms
Dana Wollman Altitude of the highest airplane flight
Elena Won Wavelength of the shortest electromagnetic waves
Christina Wong Altitude of the highest point on earth
Elizabeth Wong Frequency of the lowest electromagnetic waves
Joyce Wong Diameter of a bacterium
Lisa Wu Frequency of ELF transmissions
Emran Yusufov Frequency used In navigational sonar
Gennady Zemel Diameter of a protozoan

2000

Evan Abel Volume of world petroleum reserves
Sohail Ahmed Volume of US petroleum reserves
Tanya Albukh Volume of US petroleum consumption
Jeff Anthony Acceleration of a manned rocket
Shantay Armstrong Mass of a bullet
Shefiu Azeez Mass of a tennis ball
Vanessa Ballenas Volume of earth's groundwater
Kendel Bell Mass of a football (American)
Hanna Berenblit Volume of earth's polar ice caps
Kerlly Bernabé Volume of earth's rivers
Dawei Cai Density of outer space
Julie Chen Area of the polar ice caps
Kenny Chen Mass of trash produced by New York City
Christina Cheng Density of the universe
Jonathan Cheng Volume of a human stomach
Rachel Chu Density of air
Alex Dallas Density of ice
Atiya Dixon Area of Manhattan
Samantha Dong Area of New York State
Danny Donohue Diameter of an electron
Inga Dorfman Density of cooking oil
Nicky Du Speed of sound in water
Blair Elefant Density of beer
Ilana Epstein Speed of the earth in orbit
Michael Feldman Speed of the fastest street legal car
Sunny Feng Electric current from an electric eel (also did voltage)
Aron Fisch Electric current from a car battery
Ashley Fleischer Mass of US potato production
Bella Fridman Speed of a DVD
Igor Fridman Speed of the fastest human, skiing
Lawrence Fung Linear & angular speed of a CD
Lori Grabel Speed of the fastest pitched baseball
Alexandra Grosman Angular speed of a phonograph record
Tien‑Huey Heh Speed of audio tape
Alice Hong Dielectric Strength of Air
Michelle Hong Voltage of a television picture tube
Michael Hossain Density of beer
Jack Hsu Electric current needed to kill a human
Amber Iqbal Energy in ATP
Katarzyna Januszkiewicz Speed of the fastest human, running
Muhammad Kaleem Energy of a nuclear explosion
Noah Kalkstein Speed of the fastest human, swimming
Alex Kerzhner Energy consumption of Australia
Isaac Klein Speed of a tuna
Albert Klyachko Force of a bat on a baseball
Eugene Kogan Speed of a sperm cell
Lana Koroleva Temperature on earth, hottest
Ross Krupnik Speed of a protozoan
Elaine Kung Speed of a bacterium
Kenneth Kwan Thrust of a jet engine
Shirley Lam Density of wood
Nancy Lee Frequency of fly wings
Diana Leung Frequency of mosquito wings
Mark Levin Frequency of hummingbird wings
Michael Levin Temperature on earth, hottest
Yong Li Liang Temperature on earth, coldest
Max Lipkin Frequency of a police radar gun
Elaine Lo Frequency of the highest electromagnetic waves
Stephanie Lum Temperature of a "red hot" object
Katherine Malfucci Density of the earth
Sanjeev Menon Altitude of the lowest point on earth
Seema Meraj Pressure in a can of soda
Lauren Mikulski Pressure on the surface of Mars
Nang Miu Pressure on the surface of Venus
Andres Mok Altitude of a space shuttle
Jenny Ng Diameter of a yeast
Olesya Nisanov Temperature on the surface of Mercury
Hans Orejuela Power of a commercial power plant
Ilana Price Diameter of a grain of sand
Joseph Reilly Power of an aircraft carrier
Helen Roslyakova Power of a cruise ship
George Ryabov Temperature on the surface of Venus
Ilene Schneider Distance of the farthest animal migration
Ilya Sherman Resolution of an electron microscope
Andrew Sigal Speed of the fastest horse
Gennady Spivak Thickness of the Greenland ice cap
Emmanuelle St Jean Thickness of the Greenland ice cap
Paul Stengel Temperature on the surface of Pluto
May Sy Thickness of the Antarctic ice cap
Cho Tan Thickness of the ozone layer
C'Cora Thomas Temperature of the sun's corona
Fanny Tsui Number of nuclear warheads
Alina Vayntraub Mass of the Milky Way
Leon Vaysburd Mass of the Sun
Alfredo Vitale Power of a truck
Marissa Wager Number of stars in the Milky Way
Jennifer Wang Mass of US wheat production
Cheuk Wong Speed of sound in air
Anna Woo Magnetic field of the strongest magnet
Edward Yee Mass of US rice production
Rui Bing Zheng Mass of a train
Yana Zorina Mass of a car

1999

Imran Arif Mass of a golf ball
Daniel Ashe Volume of world petroleum production
Alex Bershadskiy Energy consumption of North America
Crissy Bilyk Period of rotation of Pluto
Sara Birnbaum Force on a runner's foot
Jessica Brodkin Period of rotation of Venus
Arika Bryant Angular speed of a medical centrifuge
Danielle Caruso Magnetic field on earth
Phillip Chan Temperature at the center of the earth
Limin Chen Period of rotation of the earth
Janice Ching Half‑life of plutonium‑239
Aleksandra Czajka Magnetic field on Jupiter
Alexander Eng Temperature of an incandescent light bulb
Michelle Finnegan Frequency of bee wings
Jane Fishler Temperature of a candle flame
David Friedman Temperature of a lightning bolt
Simon Fung Temperature of a nuclear explosion
Anthony Leto Diameter of a bacterium
Mesah Harwood Density of the best laboratory vacuum
Keith Hermanstyne Magnetic field of a lifting electromagnet
Rachel Hoover Age of the universe
Jessica Howell‑O'Neill Volume of water consumed by New York City
Jie Yao Huang Temperature of healthy dog
Katrina Jones Density of concrete
Radhika Kapoor Period of rotation of the Sun
Pavel Khazron Pressure at the center of the earth
Dmitry Khodorskiy Altitude of the ozone layer
May Ko Density of the Sun
Michael Kodransky Mass of a raindrop
Patricia Kong Speed of the Milky Way in space
Mitchell Krasnerman Period of the earth's orbit
Geetika Kumar Resolution of an optical microscope
Denise Lai Voltage of automobile spark plugs
Barry Lajnwand Voltage of an electric eel
Christina Lee Mass of a baseball
Brian Ley Diameter of a human hair
Liza Li Power of the strongest laser
Sara Li Distance to the nearest galaxy
Louise Liu Mass of the atmosphere
Allison Mak Mass of Pluto
Sean Manning Speed of a missile
Ricardo Martinez Diameter of earth
Samara Martinez Voltage of household electrical outlets
Christine McGrath Diameter of the known universe
Yelena Meskina Diameter of a proton
Topaz Murray Number of galaxies in the universe
Philip Ng Voltage of automobile spark plugs
Wendy Ng Speed of a torpedo
Dafe Okodiko Voltage of an electric eel
Maria Pereyra Speed of a bullet
Jennifer Puglia Speed of a shark
Shamim Rizvi Speed of the winds in a tornado
Cindy Ann Romanowich Voltage used to resuscitate a human heart
Alex Ryabov Voltage of power transmission lines
Chris Santoro Speed of the fastest bird
Alex Schuster Speed of a cheetah
Rachel Shweky Speed of a turtle or tortoise
Jonathan Starr Energy of the most extreme gamma rays
Stephanie Stern Speed of the winds in a hurricane
Matthew Tsang Power of the Sun
Jenifer M. Vilfranc Thickness of gold leaf
Irina Vinar Pressure in the human circulatory system
Ivy Weinberg Speed of a sloth
Denene Williams Thickness of a dollar bill
Angie Yee Speed of a snail
James Yu Speed of the fastest ship
Boris Zolotaryov Frequency used in ultrasonic imaging

1998

Arshe Ahmed Frequency of a beating heart
Phillip Andriyevsky Acceleration of blackout in fighter pilots
Juan Cancel Frequency of bat sonar
Audrey Chan Frequency of bat sonar
Pei Jun Chen Temperature of a healthy cow
Steven Chen Length of a human DNA molecule
Howard Cheung Frequency of a microwave oven
Anthony Colgan Density of a neutron star
James Danyluk Temperature of a blue flame
Judy Dong Diameter of an atom
April Dunetz Electric current through an electric chair
Avijeet Dut Mass of the oceans
Tresha Edwards Electric field on earth
Eugene Fialkovskiy Period between heartbeats
Karian Fung Diameter of the Milky Way
Andrea Gillespie Mass of the atmosphere
Jian Huang Speed of a skydiver (terminal velocity)
Jared Jagdeo Mass needed to create a black hole
Kevin Kay Thickness of earth's atmosphere
Aviva Laurenti Speed of the fastest airplane*
Ji Young Lee Distance to the most distant observed object
LanNa Lee Volume of blood in a human
Colin Lew Thrust of a space shuttle
Mathieu Lo Voltage of a lightning bolt
Pavel Matskevich Period between heartbeats
James McMahon Energy consumption of Asia
Manica Piputbundit Power density of solar radiation
Zahid Qureshi Thickness of Saturn's rings
Marvin Rusinek Energy consumption of Europe
Robert Saronson Pressure of the best laboratory vacuum
Jimmy Seto Energy consumption of China
Alex Shikhman Energy consumption of South America
Susanna Tran Pressure at the deepest point in the oceans
Ilene Weintraub Pressure used to create artificial diamonds
Kim Fai Wong Mass of the heaviest man-made element
Tommy Zhou Energy consumption of the United States

1997

Lauren Boyd Diameter of an optical fiber
Eric Cheng Area of earth's oceans
Anna Chernovetskaya Diameter of Pluto
Cassandra Eng Altitude of the highest manned balloon flight
Glynise Finney Temperature on the surface of the Sun
Dedra Forbes Temperature at the center of the Sun
Meredith Garmisa Density of Saturn
Danny Goldner Mass needed to create a neutron star
Brooke Haramija Electric current through a lightning bolt
Troy Holder Age of Homo sapiens
Zhen Shao Huang Speed of the continental plates
Ron Huggins Age of life on earth
Margaret Kong Half‑life of carbon‑14
Jasmin Marin Power of a nuclear reactor
Molly Moran Age of the earth
Andrea Park Thickness of earth's atmosphere
Patrice Pean Speed of the Voyager space probes
Alla Reyfman Magnetic field inside an MRI
Marina Treybick Pressure at the center of the Sun
Lena Wong Temperature of a healthy human (body temperature)
Haiyan Xie Volume of US petroleum production
Silin Yang Temperature of the cosmic background radiation

1996

Michael Scott Erber Density of a white dwarf star
Rebecca Erber Frequency of dolphin sonar
Pak Nin Lui Frequency of a police radar gun
Brigid Irene Naughton Diameter of a snowflake
Michael Nicholas Diameter of a virus
Michael Phillip Diameter of an atom
Nancy Ryan Voltage of an electric chair
Kathryn Tam Distance to the nearest star